Korean society is more homogeneous than most, and as a result, foreign investors and expat employees doing business in South Korea are expected to adjust and conform.

While most expats wanting to work in South Korea do not start a business or need to register property, they still have challenges to address. This includes overcoming the language barrier, adapting to the nuances of local business culture, and avoiding a faux pas that could be the difference between success and failure in the Korean business world.

Fast facts

Business hours

Officially 8am to 5pm, Monday to Friday. Legislation has limited the maximum working week to 52 hours, but it's still common for employees to work longer hours than this.

Business language

Korean, but English is often spoken at a senior level. Translators can be hired if necessary. 

Dress

Koreans take dressing well seriously, and modesty and subtlety are values that inform business dress. Wearing a suit is almost always a safe choice for men. Women should avoid wearing revealing clothing.

Gifts

Gift-giving is a common practice. Gifts should be given and received with both hands and should not be opened in the giver's presence. If someone receives a gift, they should reciprocate with a gift of similar value.

Gifts are best wrapped in bright colours and not dark colours or red. Avoid giving expensive gifts, as the receiver will feel obliged to reciprocate. Gifts in sets of four, knives or scissors should also be avoided as these are seen as symbols of death.

Gender equality

Although gender relations are becoming more equitable, men still dominate the Korean workplace. Foreign businesswomen are expected to behave in an elegant, refined and 'feminine' manner.

Greetings

Men in South Korea often greet each other with a slight bow accompanied by a handshake. Supporting the right forearm with the left hand is seen as a sign of respect. Some Korean women may not shake hands with Western men, while Western women typically do offer their hands to Korean men.

Business culture in South Korea

Traditional social practices and etiquette still have an important role in South Korean business. Personal relationships, hierarchy and saving face are all major factors in the Korean work environment. If expatriate businesspeople want to be accepted by their colleagues, they need to display an awareness of these and a willingness to engage in the social codes that are at the foundation of business culture in South Korea.

Meetings

Koreans need to be able to trust the people they are doing business with, and social relationships are directly linked to business success. For this reason, prospective business partners spend a lot of time getting to know each other. Expats should not be surprised if no business is discussed at their first meeting, and they should not try to rush things along. Despite this, workers are expected to be on time for meetings and social engagements.

Social situations

Dinner invitations, after-dinner drinks and karaoke will also likely feature at some point and should not be turned down. On such occasions, it's common for people to fill each other’s drinks. It's considered bad manners for someone to refuse a drink if their glass is empty. To get around this, leave a bit at the bottom of the glass. Korean hosts always appreciate a spirited karaoke performance, regardless of how good or bad their singing voice is.

Names

Names in South Korea work in reverse to the West. A person’s family name comes first, followed by a two-part given name. The first of the given names is given to all family members of a single generation, while the second is the individual’s given name. For example, if a man's family name is Park and his first name is Min-Jun, he would be called Park Min-Jun.

Saving face

For Koreans, the idea of 'saving face' is less about preserving oneself and more about saving others from embarrassment, especially those of a higher social or professional ranking. In doing so and by controlling their emotions, an individual maintains their honour and dignity.

This affects business dealings in tangible ways. For instance, disagreements are rarely solved by direct communication, while rejection is rarely delivered through a simple 'no'. Instead, rejections may be communicated through delays and ambiguous answers, such as 'maybe later'.

Hierarchy

While South Korea's place in the global business circuit changed the way business is conducted in the country, there is still an elaborate hierarchy system based on position, age, prestige, and to an extent, gender that imbues business culture.

Exchanging business cards

Businesspeople in South Korea usually exchange business cards when they first meet. So, it's important for expats who are new to the country to have a large enough supply of their personal business cards. These should contain the expat’s job title, with an accompanying Korean translation printed on one side. When exchanging cards, they should both be given and received with both hands. 

Dos and don’ts of business in South Korea

  • Do expect Koreans to ask personal questions, as they are showing polite interest

  • Do give an enthusiastic performance at karaoke bars

  • Do protest slightly when paid a compliment

  • Do be prepared for negotiations to take time

  • Don't talk about politics or belittle Korean culture

  • Don't expect a direct negative answer from Korean people if they can’t help or don’t know

  • Don't make small talk about North Korea

Further reading

►For finding employment, read Working in South Korea

►To learn about obtaining a work visa, read Work Permits for South Korea

Expat Experiences

"I did make some friends with the other teachers at my school. Schools and workplaces in Korea often have company dinners (called hweshik). This is a great place to make friends with your colleagues. Sometimes you will go for dinner and drinks for the first round and then continue on to a karaoke room." Read about Bronwyn, a South African expat, and her experience living in South Korea. 

"The hours are longer here, and there is a big emphasis on staying at work until your boss leaves for the night. It doesn’t really apply to most foreigners, but sometimes can." Learn more about Azra's experience of life as an expat in South Korea.

Are you an expat living in South Korea?

Expat Arrivals is looking for locals to contribute to this guide, and answer forum questions from others planning their move to South Korea. Please contact us if you'd like to contribute.