Located in the north of Western Europe, Germany is blessed with breathtaking landscapes that include lush forests, rivers, imposing mountain ranges and sweeping North Sea beaches. A country steeped in a storied, millennia-long history, Germany boasts several major metros each with its own unique past, character and charm, the capital being Berlin.

Living in Germany as an expat

Expats moving to Germany usually find the transition straightforward and painless, without too much culture shock. A cosmopolitan and innovative country with a powerful economy, Germany has long been a popular expat destination for the high living standards it offers.

One of the biggest hurdles expats who want to move to Germany will face is its stringent immigration regulations. But there are plenty of opportunities for qualified expats in fields such as business, science and technology, especially if they have skills that are in short supply.

The general standard of infrastructure is excellent. Expats probably won’t need a car thanks to extensive public transport in German cities, and long-distance travel is made easy thanks to low-cost flights and good transport links.

Expats have a variety of options when it comes to accommodation in Germany too – from furnished or unfurnished apartments and maisonettes to trendy studios, cottages and family houses. Most expats living in Germany rent property, but the process of purchasing a house isn’t complicated, even for foreign nationals.

Cost of living in Germany

Living costs in Germany can be quite high but not necessarily higher than the average for Western European countries. As is to be expected, rural areas are cheaper than cities.

Expat families and children

Families relocating to Germany will be happy to know that the standard of healthcare is nothing short of excellent. Both public and private hospitals in Germany are on par with international standards, and expats with specific health concerns can find comfort in the fact that specialist facilities are in good supply.

The standard of education in Germany is also exceptionally high. The system accommodates the fact that students have different abilities and there are various options that include an array of international schools throughout the country. 

There is also plenty for families to get to in their leisure time, including countless museums, amusement parks, city parks, forest hikes and much besides.

Climate in Germany

Weather in Germany changes frequently from day to day and even seasonal patterns vary from year to year. The northwest region of the country is generally the coldest, with temperatures increasing eastwards and southwards. On the whole, summers tend to be warm across Germany and winters bitterly cold. Extremes aren't common, but severe winters can sweep through the country every now and then.

Expats may initially find that life in Germany is quite rigid. But if they’re willing to live by both the written and unwritten rules of German society, they’ll be rewarded with a high quality of life in a safe environment amid wonderful scenery and warm people.

Fast facts

Official name: Federal Republic of Germany

Population: Around 84.3 million

Capital city: Berlin (also largest city)

Neighbouring countries: Germany shares borders with Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Switzerland and Austria to the south, France to the southwest, and Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands to the west.

Geography: Germany has a diverse landscape stretching from the mountainous regions of the Alps across the forested North European Plain, to the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.

Political system: Constitutional republic

Main languages: German is the official language but English is widely understood.

Major religions: Christianity

Money: The Euro (EUR), divided into 100 cents, is the official currency. Germany has a sophisticated banking system and opening a bank account as an expat is relatively easy. ATMs are easy to find throughout the country.

Time: GMT +1 (GMT +2 from the end of March to the end of October)

Electricity: 220 volts, 50Hz. Two-pin European plugs are standard.

International dialling code: +49

Emergency numbers: 110 (police), 112 (ambulance)

Internet domain: .de

Transport and driving: Germany has a well-established and efficient public transport system and a car is not necessary if living in one of the country's major cities. Driving is on the right-hand side of the road.

Expats will need to get their paperwork in order and make sure they have the right visa for Germany before relocating.

As a member of the European Union, Germany permits citizens of other EU states to enter with nothing but their passports and entitles them to live and work in Germany without a visa. But once there, they will still need to get a residency permit.

Non-EU citizens travelling to Germany for a short stay may need to apply for a Schengen visa, which usually takes about two weeks. Non-EU expats planning to live or work in the country will need to get the necessary work or residency permit.

Tourist visas for Germany

Germany is signatory to the Schengen Agreement, so nationals of other Schengen countries won't need to apply for a tourist visa before they arrive. Their passports are stamped upon arrival and they can stay for 90 days.

Aside from the Schengen Countries, citizens of the UK, US, Argentina, Australia and New Zealand can stay in Germany for 90 days or less without a visa.

Schengen visas for Germany

Most non-EU citizens have to apply for a tourist visa at a German embassy or consulate ahead of time. It's best to apply well in advance – it's possible to submit three months before the planned departure date. 

Schengen visa holders can visit other Schengen states, but if they do plan on travelling to other countries, they should apply at the consulate of the country they arrive in or the one they plan to spend most of their time in. 

It is important to note that Schengen visa holders don't have permission to work or conduct business in Germany and other member countries.

Business visas for Germany

Expats wanting to travel to do business in Germany need to apply for a business visa which requires a formal invitation from a German company. They'll also need to provide evidence of their visit, including the duration of their stay, and a guarantee for any costs involved.

Even someone visiting the German office of their current employer would need a business visa.

Work permits for Germany

Most expats who intend to settle and work for longer periods will need a German work permit (arbeitserlaubnis). The requirements will differ depending on where they're from. 

While citizens of most EU states won't need a permit, those from newer member states such as Bulgaria and Romania may require one if they plan on working in certain sectors.

Anyone planning on living in Germany needs a residency permit, regardless of where they come from. 

Residency permits for Germany

Applications for a residency permit (aufaenhalt) must either be done in person at a German embassy or consulate, or through the immigration authorities in Germany. Since EU nationals have the right to live and work in Germany, getting a residency permit is simply a formality.

There are three different types of residency permits for non-EU citizens who intend to work in Germany. The first is for general employment (arbeit), the second is for professionals with specialist skills and the third is for self-employed foreigners. In most cases, it's essential that non-EU expats have their residency permits approved before they arrive. 

Expats will either be granted a limited or an unlimited residency permit once their application is approved, which will depend on their country of origin and reasons for being in Germany. Permits attached to a fixed-term contract are granted for the same length of time as the contract states.  

*Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

The cost of living in Germany is fairly high. Berlin is Germany's most expensive city, ranking 37th out of 227 cities in Mercer's 2023 Cost of Living Survey, while Munich came in second at 38th. This makes these cities cheaper than London but more expensive than Madrid, somewhere between Paris and Brussels.

Accommodation prices vary depending on the neighbourhood and the size and type (flat-share, apartment or house). Private healthcare is also quite expensive, as are school fees for international schools. Items such as clothing and cellular phones aren't cheap either.

Taxes in Germany are also high, but expenses for expats are likely to be offset by higher salaries.

Cost of accommodation in Germany

The cost of accommodation in Germany is generally quite high, but property prices vary significantly depending on the area.

Germany is a country of renters, and few people buy property. For instance, only around 10 percent of people living in Berlin own their homes. While there are no major restrictions on non-Germans buying property, most expats also rent rather than buy homes in Germany.

Rent in major cities such as Berlin and Munich is particularly steep – it's common for accommodation to gobble up half of a person's monthly salary. Accommodation preferred by expats tends to be even more expensive as it's typically furnished or partly furnished.

Cost of groceries in Germany

While groceries in Germany are not cheap, they are considered to be more affordable than in France and Austria. Basic food items such as bread, fresh produce, and eggs are all reasonably priced.

Expats looking to get a taste of home can expect to spend a fair bit on imported foods. Newcomers can reduce their monthly grocery bills by shopping for discounts and specials at some of Germany's most popular supermarkets, such as Aldi, Lidl and Spar. 

Cost of entertainment and eating out in Germany

Entertainment and eating out in Germany can be pricey, depending on expats' preferences. The country's major metropolitan cities offer a plethora of cuisines for diners to enjoy. Food is generally reasonably priced, while drinks are typically more expensive than what some expats may be used to. 

Germany's cities boast exciting nightlife and offer rich arts and culture experiences, but revellers and culture buffs will need to budget carefully to enjoy these without breaking the bank. Budget-conscious expats looking to avoid hefty gym membership fees in Germany can consider joining a local sports team or taking walks or runs to explore their new areas and suburbs. 

Cost of education in Germany

Education in Germany is of an excellent standard. Public schools don't charge fees and are an option well worth considering for expats with children young enough to pick up the language, or those who plan on staying for the long term.

But most expats send their children to international schools in Germany due to the language barrier, and to continue in the curriculum from their home country. These do tend to come at a steep price, though, and tuition fees vary according to the institution and the child's grade level.

Cost of transport in Germany

There are many options when it comes to transport in Germany, but not all of them are cheap.

Trains are often the fastest and most efficient way to get around. Travelling on the InterCity Express trains tends to be pricier, while regular InterCity trains provide a cheaper alternative. Expats who plan on travelling by train should keep an eye out for special offers. The Bahn Card is also a good investment as it's valid for a year and is more economical.

Bus travel tends to be cheaper than travelling by train. If commuters book their tickets in advance, they can get seats at reduced prices.

Generally, expats living in major urban hubs such as Hamburg or Munich won't need to own a car thanks to well-developed public transport networks. For those who choose to drive in Germany, it isn't cheap – especially when it comes to fuel, parking and maintenance.

Cost of healthcare in Germany

If expats fall ill during their stay, they can rest assured that they will be in good hands due to exceptional healthcare in Germany. It is, however, compulsory to have some form of health insurance in Germany.

Expats who are employed in Germany can take advantage of the state health insurance plan, which offers subsidised health insurance. That said, those who are self-employed will need to purchase private health insurance, which can cost a great deal.

International health insurance premiums vary according to the age and health of the individual as well as the type of cover they need. 

Cost of living in Germany chart

Note that prices may vary depending on product and service provider. The list below shows average prices for Munich in May 2023.

Germany is a wealthy and modern European state, but expats planning a move to the country will likely still have many questions. Here are answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about expat life in Germany.

Is Germany safe?

Germany is exceptionally safe. Healthcare and infrastructure are modern and of an excellent standard and well maintained. Violent crime is rare in Germany, but we'd advise that expats be careful and vigilant in certain sections of larger cities, especially when walking at night. Petty crime such as pick-pocketing is more common.

Should I learn German?

We recommend that expats learn German, or basic phrases at the least. Germans learn English in school but to varying degrees. Some Germans don't speak English at all. As in most countries, locals will appreciate the attempts of expats to learn their language. Everything from road signs and menus to television programmes is in German, and not learning the language will make for a poorer overall experience. International business is often conducted in English.

What are expat salaries like in Germany?

Salaries in Germany are some of the highest in the world so expats working in Germany can expect to earn well. Those with qualifications in sought-after fields such as IT, finance and science, in particular, can expect to earn a good salary. However, those moving to Germany without a job in hand should not bank on securing employment right away, which is why it's a good idea to have some savings to fall back on.

What is the standard of healthcare in Germany?

Expats moving to Germany will have access to some excellent public and private healthcare facilities. In major cities, expats will find that doctors speak fluent English and that hospitals, research facilities and medical technology are of a high standard.

Good healthcare comes at a price, though. The German government has made it compulsory for every expat in Germany to have some form of health insurance.

What schooling options are available for expat children in Germany?

The standard of education and schools in Germany is first class. Local governments schools are excellent, but unless expats move to Germany for the long term or with very young children who can pick up the German language, parents usually choose international schools. These allow the students to carry on studying the same curriculum from their home country and there are no language barriers to contend with. Expats will find that all the major cities in Germany will have a variety of international schools.

As with most things in Germany, expats will find the systems of banking, money and taxes to be sophisticated and easy to navigate. Once an expat has a residence card, opening a bank account is fairly straightforward, everyday transactions are simple since online banking is a standard feature, and credit cards can be used at most outlets. 

Money in Germany

The official currency in Germany is the Euro (EUR), with 1 EUR divided into 100 cents.

• Notes: 5 EUR, 10 EUR, 20 EUR, 50 EUR, 100 EUR, 200 EUR and 500 EUR

• Coins: 1 cent, 2 cents, 5 cents, 10 cents and 20 cents, and 1 EUR and 2 EUR

Banking in Germany

Germany has a well-established and respected banking sector, with some of the major local banks including Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank and DZ Bank. Many international banks also have branches in Germany, including HSBC, Lloyds TSB and CitiBank. Continuing an overseas account through one of these is sometimes a good option for expats.

Opening a bank account

Opening a bank account in Germany is easy and online banking is commonly used to make transactions and manage accounts. Expats opening an account will need to provide their residence card, proof of address and a passport.

To open an account immediately, expats will need to bring a nominal amount of cash. Alternatively, funds can be transferred from overseas but this may take a few weeks.

ATMs and credit cards

Once someone opens an account the bank issues them a Eurocard (EC) which can be used to withdraw cash, print out bank statements from ATMs (geldautomat) and make purchases. But expats should note that withdrawing money from another bank's ATM will incur extra charges.

Most debit and credit cards are accepted in Germany. ATMs can be found nearly everywhere and generally offer good exchange rates (there are transaction charges for international card use that can quickly add up). 

Otherwise, expats can exchange cash at bank branches, bureaux de change and even post offices – which surprisingly offer some of the best rates.

Taxes in Germany

Expats will have to pay tax on income derived from German sources. Higher earners pay much more tax than those on lower salaries.

Taxes are generally automatically deducted from an employee's pay cheque by their employer. As is the case in most European countries, workers are taxed throughout the year and adjustments are made for possible under- or over-payments at the end of the year.

The rate of income tax increases progressively up to 45 percent. A solidarity surcharge (5.5 percent of income tax) also has to be paid. No income tax is charged on basic allowances.

Expat must get a tax card when they start working in Germany. Self-employed people must complete a tax return at the end of each tax year.

Germany has double taxation treaties with many countries, but all expats are required to complete an annual tax return regardless of whether they are formally employed or do freelance work. 

*Information about tax allowances and rates change regularly so expats are advised to check with the authorities for the latest information

Working in Germany, one of the world's largest, most stable and flourishing economies, is an enticing prospect for many expats. Immigration policies have tried to curb unskilled immigrants entering the country to protect local labour, but there are nonetheless opportunities for qualified expats in industries with skills shortages.

Those moving to Germany from outside the EU will need to ensure that they are eligible for a work permit for Germany. 

Job market in Germany

The German IT and tech industries are enormous and in desperate need of skilled employees, and policy is shaped to attract qualified personnel. There are also opportunities for expats working in biology, chemistry, physics, engineering and high-tech science fields.

Salaries in Germany are some of the highest in the world, and expats with degrees in sought-after fields can expect to earn well.

When negotiating their employment packages, expats will need to remember that they'll be discussing their salary as a gross amount. Taxes in Germany are high and depending on their salary, expats can have as much as 50 percent deducted from their monthly earnings. Many employers will lure expats by offering incentives such as performance bonuses, salary reviews and contributions towards private health insurance policies.

The German labour market is highly regulated and, as a result, employees have lots of protection and benefits. All workers in Germany are entitled to holidays, paid sick days, maternity/paternity leave and the option of working part time.

Finding a job in Germany

Most expats who move to Germany are transferred from the overseas offices of international companies. 

The standard of healthcare in Germany is excellent and there's a growing culture centred on healthy living.

Both public and private hospitals in Germany should meet expats' expectations. Germany is home to several leaders in medical research and pharmaceuticals, and there are numerous specialist hospitals. Berlin, in particular, is a leading health destination in Europe and is home to some of the country's largest medical centres. 

By German law, all residents must have health insurance that covers both hospital and outpatient medical treatment, and proof of health insurance is mandatory when applying for a German visa. Employers will often register expats with a local German health insurance company as part of the visa application process.

Hospitals in Germany

With more than 2,000 hospitals in the country, expats will never be too far away from medical assistance. Around half of these are public hospitals, while there are two kinds of private hospitals in Germany: non-profit and for-profit facilities.

Medical facilities in both public and private clinics in Germany are first class and are known for having short waiting times. Doctors and medical staff are well trained, professional and generally speak fluent English. Most German hospitals have a number of specialists, but it's also possible to find specialists who work outside of hospitals.

Typically, expats in need of medical assistance would first visit a General Practitioner who would assess them and then refer them to a specialist if necessary.

EU citizens can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) to access state healthcare during a short-term visit. UK citizens can make use of their Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC), which replaced the EHIC for UK citizens post-Brexit.

Pharmacies and medicines in Germany

Pharmacies, or apotheken as they're known locally, are easy to find and can be identified by a large red 'A' on their signs.

By law, pharmacies in Germany must be owned and run by a qualified pharmacist. But each pharmacist is only allowed to own up to three pharmacies. So, unlike many other countries, expats won't find any large drugstore chains in Germany. North American expats should note that a drug store, or drogerie, in Germany sells toiletries and consumer goods but not medicines.

In German pharmacies, all medications including non-prescription drugs, are kept behind the counter. Only a selection of non-medicinal health products is available on the shelves.

Pharmacists in Germany are cautious and are likely to ask customers whether they understand the dosage on their prescriptions. They also generally speak good English and can offer advice on non-prescription medicines.

Pharmacies in Germany tend to be well stocked. If a customer needs medicine that's not in stock, it can usually be ordered for same-day pick up, or the following day at the longest.

Most pharmacies are closed in the evenings, on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays. Some even close early on Wednesdays. However, every pharmacy has a list on the door with pharmacies in the local area that stay open late to handle emergencies.

Health insurance in Germany

It's compulsory for all residents in Germany to have health insurance, including expats with a residence permit for Germany or a fixed-term contract for more than a year – so new arrivals will have to sign up for some form of health insurance.

There are two types of health insurance in Germany: private health insurance through a company, or statutory health insurance provided by the state. Expats can only take advantage of statutory health insurance if they are formally employed by a company in Germany, while self-employed expats have to get a private policy.

Employers share the cost of health insurance with expats and usually pay half of the cost per month, regardless of whether the expat has chosen private or statutory health insurance.

Pre-travel restrictions and vaccinations for Germany

No special vaccinations are required for expats moving to Germany, but the following are recommended:

• Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR)

• Tetanus 

• Diphtheria

• Hepatitis B

Emergency services in Germany

In the event of an emergency, expats can call an ambulance in Germany by dialling 115. With the exception of some smaller private hospitals, most hospitals in Germany will have an Accident and Emergency unit. 

If a patient arrives at a German hospital in an emergency situation they will receive treatment even if they are unable to show proof of health insurance. However, if they aren't covered, their treatment is likely to be expensive.

Expats from elsewhere in Europe or North America have little trouble adjusting to their new surroundings in Germany, but there are a few things in German culture that may take some getting used to.

We recommend taking the time to learn about local cultural norms and having a basic knowledge of German, which will certainly go some way in helping expats overcome culture shock in Germany.

Language barrier in Germany

Many expats find that getting to grips with the German language is their biggest cultural hurdle. Although many Germans speak English as a second language, there's no guarantee that everyone an expat comes across will be able to speak it fluently or even basically.

It's a good idea for expats to take some German lessons before they move. Being able to speak a few basic phrases is advantageous in a working environment and will make socialising with locals easier.

Germans usually appreciate it when foreigners try to communicate in their language and are often willing to help new arrivals improve their language skills.

Cultural etiquette in Germany

New arrivals soon find that Germans generally value order, privacy and punctuality. Careful planning and preparation help many people maintain a sense of security both in their business and personal lives.

People in Germany tend to adhere to rules quite strictly, and they'll often let people know what's expected of them. Expats shouldn't be offended if someone corrects their behaviour, for instance telling them that they have parked incorrectly – keeping each other in check is seen as a social duty and just part of cultural etiquette in Germany.

Germans generally believe there is a proper time for every activity, and many choose to keep their work and personal lives separate.

Efficiency is also important in the workplace. When the work day ends at around 4pm or 5pm, people are expected to leave. If someone stays after normal business hours, it usually isn't seen as a sign of extra effort but rather that they didn't plan their day well.

Punctuality is important in business and social arrangements, and being late for a meeting is seen as disrespectful. Expats should make every effort to arrive on time and let their associates know if they're running a little late.

Food in Germany

While expats will certainly find a wide range of international cuisine as well as various health foods in the main urban centres of Germany, it may take a while to get used to traditional German food.

German cuisine is highly meat-based, so vegans and vegetarians may struggle at first. But it shouldn't take too long for new arrivals to familiarise themselves with traditional foods and find something that meets their dietary requirements. Traditional German food tends to be very hearty and rich. Portions tend to be on the larger side as well. 

Communication in Germany

Germans may seem unfriendly and unemotional at first. But this is often because they respect each other's privacy. Similarly, being loud or angry in public is seen as a sign of weakness.

Expats should be careful about complimenting people and do so sparingly – too many can come across as false and embarrass a person rather than flatter them.

While they are generally polite, Germans tend to communicate directly. This type of honesty may cause offence in other cultures, but it's appreciated and expected here. Locals also enjoy their personal space and avoid touching people while speaking unless they're family or close friends. It's best to keep an arm’s length of space when talking to acquaintances.

German embassies

• German Embassy, Washington DC, United States: +1 202 298 4000

• German Embassy, London, United Kingdom: +44 20 7824 1300

• German Embassy, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 232 1101

• German Embassy, Canberra, Australia: +61 2 6270 1911

• German Embassy, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 12 427 8999

• German Embassy, Dublin, Ireland: +353 1 269 3011

• German Embassy, Wellington, New Zealand: +64 4 473 6063

Foreign embassies in Germany

• United States Embassy, Berlin: +49 30 8305 0

• British Embassy, Berlin: +49 30 20 457 0

• Canadian Embassy, Berlin: +49 30 203 120

• Australian Embassy, Berlin: +49 30 880 088 0

• South African Embassy, Berlin: +49 30 220 730

• Irish Embassy, Berlin: +49 30 220 720

• New Zealand Embassy, Berlin: +49 30 206 21 0

Relocation businesses offer companies and individuals moving to Germany a comprehensive array of services. Relocating to Germany, like any other country, presents a few challenges. Fortunately, no matter how big or small the challenge, relocation specialist companies provide personalised support to overcome them.

Relocation firms assist with paperwork for immigration, visas and residence permits in Germany as well as home-finding and lease negotiation services. They can help with buying or renting a car, setting up a bank account and finding the school and kindergarten that best suits an expat family with children.

Here is a list of relocation companies in Germany.

Relocation companies in Germany

Local companies

	HereLocation HereLocation is a Bonn-based global relocation company that aims to make a move to Germany as easy and straightforward as possible. They offer a truly personalised service, and will deal with paperwork and overcome any local bureaucracy when applying for residence or work permits, opening bank accounts and dealing with utility providers. HereLocaion will help with house hunting and advise parents on suitable schools or kindergartens. They have local contacts in all major cities, including Berlin, Frankfurt, Munich, Hamburg, Hanover, Dusseldorf and Cologne.  Website: www.herelocation.de
	Helpxpat Finding a home to rent in the Germany is extremely difficult for most expats. Helpxpat has significance experience across Germany, developed over a number of years supporting multinational clients as they grew, and continue to grow their presence there. Helpxpat Relocation is an award winning company and will ensure the relocation process goes smoothly, starting from flight bookings, airport transfers, helping with temporary accommodation, attestation and settling in services. They cover wide range of services in Germany everything from initial exploratory trips and City orientation to scope out the ideal location, help finding new home finding the perfect school for your employees. They even organise utilities in readiness for the move and deal with all the red tape and paperwork, including immigration and visas, so you don’t have to worry of. Their unique tried and tested approach is proven to deliver, providing much more than just a relocation service. Website: www.helpxpat.com
	ARRIVA Relocation Services Berlin ARRIVA provides expert guidance to companies and expats on how to settle down in Berlin and throughout Germany. Services include everything from visa immigration and registration services, assistance in finding accommodation as well as orientation tours.  Website: www.arriva-relocation.de

International companies

	Sanelo With offices in Germany and 37 other countries, Sanelo specialises in providing customised end-to-end domestic and international moving and relocation services. They offer five-star protection and coverage, first-rate packing, and expert guidance, all through a single point of contact. Sanelo is there to make things easier every step of the way. Contact them for more information on moving to Germany. Website: www.sanelo.com
	Crown Relocations Crown Relocations provides transportation, destination and immigration services, as well as family support, to assist people relocating internationally. With experts working in Germany, and many other countries worldwide, they provide the support, guidance, care and the personal attention needed to ensure a successful and seamless move for you and your family. Website: www.crownrelo.com
	Santa Fe Relocation Santa Fe Relocation has been in the business for more than 50 years, and provides comprehensive relocation services to individuals, families and businesses relocating to Germany. Santa Fe Relocation is an international firm that knows what it takes to navigate the various bureaucratic and administrative obstacles of moving to a new country, and caters for a full spectrum of needs. Website: www.santaferelo.com
	K2 Corporate Mobility K2 Corporate Mobility is an independent, international relocation firm that provides personalised packages to support every type of domestic and international transfers, short-term or long-term. Operating globally with streamlined efficient and personalised services, K2 Corporate Mobility is worth considering when moving to Germany. Website: www.k2corporatemobility.com

*If a public holiday falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday becomes a holiday. Some states have additional holidays.

Newly arrived expats in Germany will find the climate to be somewhat inconsistent.

Weather in Germany changes frequently from day to day and even seasonal patterns vary from year to year. The northwest region of the country is generally the coldest, with temperatures increasing eastwards and southwards. On the whole, summers tend to be warm across Germany and winters bitterly cold. Extremes aren't common, but severe winters can sweep through the country every now and then.

Spring can be slow to take shape and Indian summers reaching into October can make an appearance every so often. Rainfall mostly occurs during the summer months. Expats who enjoy the drama of a thunderstorm will likely experience quite a few.

Newcomers to Germany will find that the best way to prepare for the weather is to make a habit of checking local stations daily, and even hourly, before leaving the house.

True to its high-tech reputation, Germany’s high-quality communication infrastructure features some of the most efficient technologies in the world. Expats shouldn't have any problems keeping in touch in Germany and staying in contact with family and friends back home. 

Telecommunications in Germany

Telecommunications in Germany are highly developed, so expats can expect excellent service from the many service providers that operate in the country. The largest mobile service providers are known for offering world-class service.

The mobile phone market in Germany is dominated by three main operators – T-Mobile, Vodafone, and O2. One advantage for expats who choose a prepaid package over a mobile contract, apart from being able to monitor their usage, is that many include international-call perks. 

Internet in Germany

Although most people prefer accessing the internet from home, expats who enjoy the novelty of ordering a double espresso while clicking away on their laptops will be happy to know that most coffee shops and restaurants in Germany offer free wireless access. 

Many apartments include a wireless connection with the cost worked into monthly rental fees. However, not all apartments offer this package and new tenants may need to look for a service provider. The most popular service providers include 1&1, Vodafone and O2. Choosing a host might seem difficult, but all of them offer similar services at competitive prices. Most of the larger mobile operators also offer internet packages.

Postal service in Germany

The national postal service in Germany is run by Deutsche Post. Although the company has now been privatised, there remains very little competition in this area.

Generally, the German postal service is reliable and fast, with most letters sent within the country arriving at their destination on the following day.  There are a variety of postal options available depending on the size of the item being sent and when delivery is required.

English language media and news in Germany

English language news sources are quite readily available in Germany. The Local is the main English-language news source in Germany and The Munich Times provides local daily news for the English-speaking expat community in Bavaria. Bild and Spiegel are useful online sources which offer national news stories in English. Daily international newspapers, as well as a range of magazines, are available from newsstands and newsagents throughout the country.

Certain English TV channels such as BBC World, Sky News and CNN are available via cable TV in Germany. Deutsche Welle is the main English-language radio station in Germany and provides up-to-date news stories. A full bouquet of streaming services are also available in Germany.

Finding a place to stay in Germany is the first priority for new arrivals. Finding a comfortable home in an area that's suited to their lifestyle will go a long way to easing the transition in their new surroundings.

Accommodation in Germany ranges from furnished apartments and maisonettes to trendy studio apartments, cottages and large family homes. Luckily there are plenty of options for reasonably priced housing in most cities.

Further away from city centres, house hunters will find more iconic German fachwerk (half-timbered) houses, cottages, and bauernhause (farmhouses). 

Expats usually rent property in Germany rather than buy because of the short-term nature of most expat assignments, but most locals tend to rent their homes, too. 

Types of accommodation in Germany

Expats moving to Germany will find their choice in property will depend on whereabouts in the country they are based. Generally, within the city centres of major urban hubs, most people tend to live in apartments. The standard of accommodation in Germany is on par with other countries in Western Europe. Properties are often comfortable but small, air conditioning isn't common (though it is rarely necessary), and adequate heating is essential in winter.

Finding accommodation in Germany

The process of finding a property to rent in Germany is relatively easy. Expats can search online or check social media networks; using a real-estate agent can cost as much as a month's rent in some cases.

Once they've found a suitable property, expats will need to arrange a time and a date for a viewing (bezichtiging) with the landlord. Group viewings are common, and there may be as many as 20 other potential tenants at a single viewing. Expats should express interest immediately if they've found the right property, especially because landlords often determine the shortlist for rental applications themselves. They should also note that they may need to pay three months' rent as a security deposit.

While shipping furniture to Germany – particularly from within the EU – is a viable option, expats shouldn't have much trouble buying items to kit out their new homes after they arrive. Most German cities have numerous stores that sell new, second-hand and antique furniture.

Home security shouldn't be a major issue either. Although petty theft does occur, especially in the downtown areas of major cities, home invasions and violent crimes are rare, and expats generally feel safe in their homes. 

Renting accommodation in Germany

The availability of rental property does vary from one location to another. In the major cities, properties do tend to move quickly as the demand is high, so expats will need to act quickly in order to secure a suitable place. 

Upon finding suitable accommodation, expats should start by arranging a viewing with the landlord or agent. If the property is particularly popular, the landlord may opt to hold a group viewing. Having viewed a property, if expats are interested in renting it, they will need to express this to the landlord or agent. Expats will need to ensure their paperwork is in order so that they can apply swiftly. Usually, expats will be required to provide a copy of their ID, work permit (if applicable) and payslips or a contract of employment. 

When expats have found a suitable home in Germany they will have to sign a mietvertrag (rental contract) to secure the property. The contract contains various details about the property in addition to the rights and obligations of the tenant.

Most rental contracts in Germany are one year long and if either party wants to terminate the lease early they’ll need to provide three months' notice. Expats should ensure they are aware of whether the quoted rental amount includes additional utility costs. They'll also need to pay a security deposit of one or two months' rent.  

Be sure to read the tenancy agreement carefully in order to understand how much notice is required to terminate a lease early. Tenants should take careful note of inventory and note any damages to the property formally to ensure the security deposit can be returned in full at the end of the lease.

Once the contract is signed both parties are legally bound and it is therefore essential that expats fully understand the document. 

For many years, Germany has been a popular destination for expats. But, as with any destination, life in Germany comes with certain pros and cons. The country has plenty of job opportunities and excellent infrastructure. On the other hand, expats can experience a lot of culture shock when first moving here owing to the language barrier and sometimes conservative culture.

Below are some of our biggest pros and cons of moving to Germany.

Cost of living in Germany

+ PRO: Low cost of living

Overall the cost of living in Germany is on par with the rest of Western Europe. Basic needs such as food, electricity, internet and clothing are all relatively affordable. Barring the city centres of Munich and Frankfurt, even accommodation is relatively cheap depending on where one chooses to live. Compared to coastal cities in the US and other major European countries, Germany is relatively affordable.

- CON: Extreme tax deductions

The biggest con of living in Germany is the high amount of tax that is deducted from a worker’s pay. Depending on an expat's salary, income tax can be as high as 40 percent of their income. The upside of these high taxes is the fact that it allows many subsidies, free education and free healthcare. 

Working in Germany

+ PRO: Good work-life balance

Working in Germany comes with a good work-life balance. Munich, Hamburg and Berlin are frequently ranked in the top 10 'most livable' cities in Germany. Germans tend to negotiate for more flexible working hours and often put their families above work.

-  CON: Rising through the ranks can be tough

Since Germany has such a large pool of highly educated workers, competition for top positions can be fierce. Rising through the ranks can be hard for many workers, but it's especially true for foreigners. There's a definite glass ceiling in workplaces in Germany that only a few get to break through.

Culture shock in Germany

+ PRO: Locals are disciplined and punctual

Expats are often surprised at the Germans’ punctuality and discipline. But, once acclimatised, expats find it refreshing, and work culture, and life in general, is much improved because of it.

- CON: Locals aren’t particularly friendly

Many expats report that, initially, they find Germans to be not the most welcoming. This can be intimidating for newly-arrived expats, but once they start settling in they usually deduce that this brusque attitude isn’t personal. Generally speaking, Germans can be tough to engage with, but once expats make an effort to immerse themselves in local culture and perhaps learn the language, they’ll find that the locals will warm up to them.

- CON: Language barrier

Though most Germans speak English well, there's a general reluctance from their side to speak the language. Germans often won’t speak English in certain situations out of embarrassment or simply because they don’t want the exchange to last too long. The German language can also be pretty hard to learn, but for long-term expats it is certainly worth it.

Lifestyle in Germany

+ PRO: Easy access to other European countries

Many expats enjoy living in Germany as it’s easy to travel to other European countries. One can simply get on a bus, train or even rent a car and experience a completely different environment within a few hours. This proximity makes weekend trips to countries such as France, Belgium and the Czech Republic eminently possible.

- CON: Bland food

Though Germany is known for its excellent beer and delicious pretzels, the rest of the local cuisine can be rather limited. Though expats from other European countries may not notice it as much, those from more exotic countries may struggle with daily meals consisting of bread and potatoes.

Healthcare in Germany

+ PRO: High standard of healthcare

The healthcare system in Germany is highly modern and well developed. Most hospital workers can speak English, so expats won’t experience a language barrier. Hospital staff, in general, tend to be friendly and efficient, and hospitals are equipped with state-of-the-art technology.

- CON: Public health insurance can be slow

At times, the government can take a long time to pay medical providers. This can then lead to making an appointment or finding a new doctor with state insurance a challenge. There's a noticeable difference between how those with private medical insurance are treated in comparison to people on public insurance.

Getting around in Germany

+ PRO: Excellent public transport options

Germany has a great public transport system. One can easily get across the country and even travel to neighbouring countries by train and bus. Cities are also well serviced by local bus, train and tram systems, so much so, that many expats don’t feel the need to own a car.

- CON: Cycling not that straightforward

Many strict rules need to be followed when cycling in a German city. Not following these rules will anger other road users and can result in fines. Vehicles also tend to use bicycle lanes for their own purposes which can make it difficult getting around on a bike.

Over the last few years, it's become difficult for non-EU nationals without specialist skills to find employment or get work permits for Germany.

While the government has implemented policies to protect jobs for locals, citizens from certain EU-member states have the right to live and work in Germany without restriction. But those hoping to stay for longer than three months will need to get a residency permit. Those who have sought-after skills may qualify for a specialist professional residence permit.

It's important to note that, while most EU citizens can work in Germany without a permit, citizens of newer member states such as Bulgaria and Romania have to get one to work in certain sectors.

Expats from outside the EU will need to apply for one of three types of work permits for Germany. 

General employment permit for Germany

Expats who apply for general employment (arbeit) need a firm offer of employment from a German company and a vocational qualification.

The general employment permit is fairly difficult to obtain, mainly because the German government prefers jobs to be given to German nationals wherever possible – so employers have to justify why a foreign national would be more suitable for the job. 

Specialist professional residence permit for Germany

Several types of expats can apply for a specialist professional residence permit for Germany. Most applicants are graduates with specialist skills. University professors, managers with several years of experience, and those with very specific skills can also apply for this type of permit. 

It helps if applicants can prove they have German language skills. They must also prove that they have sufficient funds to support themselves while in the country, have a firm offer of employment and can submit their degrees and qualifications. 

Self-employed residence permit for Germany

The third type of work permit is for expats who are self employed or planning to set up a business. To get a self-employed residence permit, applicants need to demonstrate how their specific skills are required in the particular area of Germany they plan on settling down in.

Those who want to set up a business need to show that their business will make a positive contribution to the local economy – by employing local staff, for instance. Applicants must also prove they can fund the startup of their business as there are limited business funding opportunities for non-German nationals. 

Expats planning to apply for this type of visa should draw up a detailed business plan illustrating its long-term goals and the steps they'll take to achieve them. It's likely to be in their favour if they have a similar business elsewhere.

Self-employed residence permits are usually granted for three years to give the business a chance to get off the ground. When it comes to renewal, the permit will be extended indefinitely if the applicant can prove it's been a success.

*Visa and work permit regulations are subject to change at short notice and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Accessibility in Germany

Germany has a positive, progressive attitude to creating a barrier-free society for all. From the built environment to technology, the country's legislation ensures public and private sector organisations design and deliver their services mindful of those with restricted mobility. In practice, these minimum standards are often exceeded, making Germany easy to navigate in a wheelchair or for anyone with impaired hearing or vision. As with any European country, historic spaces and places are less accessible as urban and regional planners balance modernisation with heritage.

Airports

Of the seven major airports in Germany, most expats arrive at either Frankfurt or Munich. Both have modern, highly efficient terminals, well linked by road and rail. Passengers with any common impairment can expect comprehensive facilities and courteous staff to help them navigate their way through the airport, to a variety of joined-up onward travel choices.

Taxis

Whilst the vast majority of taxis can take a foldable wheelchair, fully accessible vehicles are not mandatory, so booking in advance is recommended. Availability varies – for example, hailing a wheelchair-adapted cab is easier in Frankfurt than in Berlin, but increasingly popular apps such as Uber now offer accessible options. In metropolitan areas, metro, bus and tram services are some of the best in the world, and are often better choices for most urban destinations.

Buses

Buses are popular, particularly at night when other services are closed, but they can be slow and less comfortable than newer tram and light rail services. Bus stops in urban centres can be identified by a green-coloured letter H on a yellow background. Most vehicles can be lowered and have ramp access and a dedicated wheelchair space.

Rail

Germany’s metro is called the U Bahn. Most lines run above ground and a few in a subway system. Stations are marked with a white U on a blue background. In several large cities, the service runs through the night and at weekends. By law, all stations and trains must be accessible to wheelchair users, and tactile signs and surfaces are provided to aid the visually impaired.

The U Bahn’s larger cousin is the S Bahn (suburban rail). These are express trains travelling from city centres deep into the suburbs. They operate flawlessly in bigger cities such as Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and others.

Car hire

Every international car rental company is present in Germany. In fact, one of the market leaders, Sixt, began in Bavaria in 1912 with just three cars. The minimum driving age is 18, but the minimum age to rent a car is 21 and most agencies add a surcharge for those under 25. Documentation is required, including a credit card in the main driver’s name, a valid licence and a passport. Those holding a licence from outside Europe may also need an International Driver's Permit.

LGBTQ+ in Germany

In Germany, everyone is free to live their sexual and gender identity – and the law protects LGBTQ+ individuals. Occasionally, LGBTQ+ people still experience hostility and discrimination.

Harassment or inequality is outlawed by the General Equal Treatment Act (Allgemeines Gleichbehandlungsgesetz) which protects individuals from discrimination based on their skin colour, nationality, sex, religion, disability, age or sexual/gender identity. Unfair treatment while job-seeking, at work or in a restaurant, club, shopping centre, bank, or during flat-hunting is dealt with efficiently and compassionately by the Anti-discrimination Agency (Antidiskriminierungsstelle).

Gender equality in Germany

Equal rights apply to everyone, regardless of gender identity. Germany's basic law, or Grundgesetz, means women and men are equal, and the state must promote substantive gender equality. Germany is also committed to fulfilling its gender equality obligations under European law, and has committed to tackling the gender pay gap, which is some 20 percent in the country, by upgrading the value of certain roles. Structural changes to childcare provisions are also being made.

Women in leadership in Germany

The number of top women managers lags significantly behind that of men despite comparable career paths. This applies to all levels of management and is especially evident on company boards. Only 11 percent of executive board positions in Germany's 185 largest listed companies are held by women. The government aims to encourage and support educational opportunities, career choices and lifestyles that break gender role traditions and stereotypes and the gap is closing each year.

Mental health in Germany

It's not uncommon to experience problems with emotional well-being through concerns about work, family, finances or future – including neglect or abuse. It’s estimated around one in four German adults suffer from mental health issues each year, including conditions related to anxiety and addiction.

In recent years, there has been an increased understanding of mental health, which has long been an invisible illness. Those living abroad are typically more susceptible to mental health issues, and Germany is well set up to support the well-being of residents and foreign professionals.

Unconscious bias in Germany

Unconscious bias refers to the prejudices absorbed when living in unequal societies. Preconceptions around gender, age and ethnicity inhibit effective hiring, limit development and lower staff morale. Business practice in Germany is to tackle all conscious bias through workplace training and zero tolerance policies.

Diversification of the workforce in Germany

Germany does not collect demographic data on ethnicity at a state level for historic reasons. Numbers are gathered by community groups and in private sector surveys of businesses. It is clear that non-white ethnicities are underrepresented in government and on the boards of large or listed companies. Things are improving, but not at the pace of some other European countries with more accurate benchmarks to inform policy and progress.

Safety in Germany

Germany is a safe place to live and work, with good and bad areas in most cities, just like any developed Western nation. Crimes such as theft, pickpocketing and vehicle breaks-in are common in urban settings – and quite rare in rural ones. Metropolitan centres have some of the most advanced surveillance and security systems available, and the law (and police force) are respected by the vast majority of citizens.

Women’s safety in Germany

The safety of women in Germany is in line with its developed European neighbours. Gender-based or sexual harassment occurs but is unusual and treated by authorities and fellow citizens with zero tolerance. Walking alone at night does present dangers in certain city suburbs, but common sense and awareness prevail. Women can dress as they wish, without fear or judgement.

Calendar initiatives in Germany

4 February – World Cancer Day
8 March – International Women’s Day
19 May – Global Accessibility Awareness Day
June – Pride Month
10 September – World Suicide Prevention Day
October – Breast Cancer Awareness Month
10 October – World Mental Health Day
November – "Movember" (Prostate Cancer Awareness and Men's Mental Health Month)
14 November – World Diabetes Day
1 December – World AIDS Day

Germany has a modern and efficient transport system and most people use public transport for getting around, with trains being the fastest and most economical way of travelling in Germany.

Expats living in major cities such as Berlin, Munich or Frankfurt won’t need a car for local travel. And on occasions where they do decide to travel through the countryside, they can carpool or hire a car for a few days.

Public transport in Germany

Public transportation in Germany consists of trains and buses and, in major cities, trams too. With such a comprehensive railway network, long-distance buses aren't necessary, but are a good alternative for expats on a budget. 

Trains

Germany has an efficient and reasonably priced rail network that covers most of the country.

Trains are the most popular mode of transport in Germany as they're considerably faster than driving. For example, driving from Hamburg to Munich takes eight hours while the equivalent train ride only takes six.

Long-distance and regional trains in Germany are run by Deutsch Bahn and there are various services for expats looking to travel around Germany.

All of the major cities are linked to one another by InterCity Express (ICE) trains. These trains are operated at high speeds of up to 205 mph (330km/h), but tickets are pricey. 

Regular InterCity (IC) trains are more affordable. They're not as modern or as fast as the ICE trains but are still reasonably comfortable.

Both ICE and IC trains run approximately every hour during the day on the most popular routes. But expats should be aware that while the network is fast and modern, delays are known to happen – so it's best to avoid booking connecting trains that are less than 20 minutes apart.  

If expats are organised and plan their trip in advance they can make considerable savings. Reservations aren't always necessary, but pre-booking seats for travel on weekends or public holidays is a good idea. Ticket prices vary depending on the route and type of train. For those who plan on using trains regularly, getting a Bahn Card is a great investment. It is valid for one year and offers various discounts. Tickets for trains in Germany can be purchased at stations, on board the train and at an authorised vendor. However, for the most affordable rates, expats should purchase tickets online and as far in advance as possible.

Intercity buses

Apart from extensive bus services in all major cities and towns, there are also a handful of intercity bus routes in Germany, and most of them travel to or from the capital, Berlin. The major advantage of travelling by bus in Germany is the price. 

For those booking in advance, the Neun-Euro Bus allows passengers to travel on any service connecting Hamburg, Hanover, Kassel, Frankfurt, Mannheim and Heidelberg for a set price.

Taxis in Germany

Taxis are plentiful in Germany's major cities and are cheaper than in many other large European capitals. Most drivers speak English and are generally helpful. 

Expats can either flag one down in the street or find a taxistand (taxi rank). While taxis are easy to find in city centres, if travelling to or from the suburbs it is best to pre-book a vehicle ahead of time.

Travelling by taxi can be useful late at night, and it becomes a cost-effective method of transport if a single vehicle is shared by a group of people travelling in the same direction. 

Ride-hailing services such as Uber and Free Now are also a super convenient way to get around. Expats can simply download the app, link their credit card and start riding.

Domestic flights in Germany

While it's often more straightforward to use trains in Germany, competition between budget airlines can make flight prices very competitive. Sometimes travelling by plane can even be cheaper (and is definitely faster) than the equivalent train journey.

However, expats should be aware that budget airlines often use smaller airports that aren't always conveniently located, so they might end up spending extra time travelling by bus or train to their final destination.

Driving in Germany

Driving in Germany is made easy by the country’s world-famous network of excellent roads and motorways, including the Autobahn. There are no toll fees for cars but taxes mean that petrol prices are high.

Foreigners are allowed to drive for a period of six months on any foreign or international driver's licence before they're required to get a German licence. Expats who plan on hiring a car in Germany should be aware that most cars are manual and requesting an automatic car can be considerably more expensive.

Germany’s national roads are in excellent condition and signage is easy to understand. But parking can be expensive and hard to find in major cities. While there are generally no speed cameras on motorways, there are a large number on smaller roads. Getting caught will result in costly fines. Drunk driving isn't tolerated and law enforcement is particularly strict and visible around holiday time.

Carpooling is also popular in Germany. It's an environmentally friendly way to save money and numerous websites allow people to contact others who are travelling to the same place. Some websites do charge a small fee for their services.

Cycling in Germany

Germany's major cities all boast bike paths, dedicated bike lanes and combination foot/cycle paths, and many locals find that getting around cities by bicycle is a cheap, healthy and feasible way to travel.

Cycling in German cities is a pleasant experience, as most drivers are aware of the large numbers of cyclists on the roads and are therefore cautious and courteous.

Expats who wish to cycle in cities will have a range of bike-hiring options to choose from. Alternatively, it is also possible to buy a second-hand bicycle quite cheaply. 

Walking in Germany

Often the best way to explore city centres is on foot, and walking is sometimes the simplest way to travel short distances.

While there are plenty of pavements available for pedestrians, newcomers should be careful not to mistake them for the red-brick cycling paths, which are for cyclists only.

Jaywalking is illegal and most pedestrians in Germany stick to the rules.

The national government only plays a minor role in providing education in Germany and the responsibility for schools mainly lies with individual states (lander). Differences in the curriculum, teaching style and facilities can therefore vary not only between schools but between different areas in Germany.

The German education system accommodates and caters for students with various abilities. Beyond the traditional academic subjects of maths, science, geography, history and languages, the German system also provides opportunities for students to study vocational disciplines.

Public schools in Germany

The standard of education in Germany is generally good. Public school is only really an option for expats who plan on relocating to Germany for the long term or those with children who are young enough to pick up a new language without it having a negative impact on their education.

Most expats send their children to a private bilingual school in Germany or an international school which allows their children to continue studying the curriculum of their home country.

Nursery and kindergarten

Sending children to nursery school or kindergarten between the ages of three and six is optional in Germany. From the age of seven to 18 school attendance in Germany is compulsory.

Primary education

The education system varies throughout Germany owing to the fact that each state is in charge of its own education policy. Most children attend primary school, or Grundschule, from the age of six to 12.

Secondary education

There are five types of schools that make up the secondary education system in Germany:

• Gymnasium – secondary school which is designed to prepare students for tertiary education and finishes with final examination after grade 12 or 13.

• Realschule – this type of school offers a broader education for intermediate students. Realschule offers a range of vocational subjects in addition to the traditional academic courses. There is a final assessment after grade 10.

• Hauptschule – this type of school offers students a vocational education and the final examination takes place after grade 9 or 10.

• Gesamtschule – school which combines academic courses with vocational ones and allows the student to transfer to either Hauptschule or Realschule in grade 10.

• Sonderschulen – another type of school which prepares students for Hauptschule or Realschule. Only one in 21 pupils in Germany attends this type of school.

In Germany, most children only attend school in the morning. As there are usually no facilities for serving lunch to the students at public schools in Germany, most return home after their lessons in the morning and return in the afternoon for extra-curricular activities. The amount of extra-curricular activities available at schools in Germany varies considerably and is determined by each individual school.

Tertiary education

In order to apply to university in Germany, students are generally expected to have passed the Abitur examination following their Gymnasium education. Students who have attended Realschule and passed the Master Craftsman’s Diploma, or Meisterbrief, are also eligible to apply for certain university courses. 

For students who do not choose to attend university in Germany, there is a special system of apprenticeship in place called Duale Ausbildung, which allows pupils who have studied vocational courses at secondary school to do in-service training at a company.

International schools in Germany

Most expats living in Germany send their children to an international school, as these institutions eliminate concerns surrounding language barriers.

German cities such as Berlin and Munich have large numbers of international schools that cater for students of a variety of nationalities.

International schools generally offer a high standard of learning, smaller class sizes and a variety of extra-curricular activities.

The downside to sending a child to an international school in Germany is the hefty price tag.

Bilingual schools in Germany

An alternative to expensive international schools are bilingual schools. These are effectively public schools and therefore have no fees attached. Bilingual schools are a good compromise as they allow expat children to mix with German and expat students.

Bilingual schools in Germany usually offer two curricula: one based on a child’s mother tongue and another in German.

Bilingual schools are highly popular in Germany and therefore spaces tend to disappear fast, so expats considering this option should start researching school choices as early as possible before moving to Germany.

Special-needs education in Germany

Children in Germany, regardless of disability, have the right, according to the Basic Law (Grundgesetz), to early childhood education, and primary, secondary and tertiary schooling. Children with disabilities are supported as far as possible in mainstream schools, and there have been recommendations for increasingly inclusive educational practices in general education and vocational schools.

The goal is to enable children to be educated together regardless of ability, and to guarantee and develop the standards achieved in special education teaching, advisory and support services. Ultimately, the government tries to ensure that those with special needs can comfortably attend their nearest school, have access to the same standard of education as their peers, learn and play in a safe environment and be able to make good academic and social progress.

Tutoring in Germany

Education is extremely highly valued in Germany, and tutors are widely used to improve and assist children's schooling. Tutors might be employed to assist in specific subjects such as maths or science, or expat parents will often hire a tutor to improve their child's German language proficiency. Tutors are further used in preparation for important exams or for university entrance exams.

Newcomers to Germany might also find that their child may benefit from having a guiding hand in navigating a new school system or just to build some confidence. Top private tuition companies include Lernwerk and Teachers24 Network.

A major international business hub, Germany's location at the heart of Europe means that expats doing business in the country have instant access to Western Europe as well as the emerging markets of Eastern Europe.

Each year, large numbers of established companies extend their operations to Germany and relocate staff there. Budding entrepreneurs also see it as a great place to start their own businesses.

Understanding the market and the nuances of German business etiquette will be key to an expat's success in their new surroundings.

Fast facts

Business hours

Mondays to Fridays, 9am to 12pm and 1pm to 5pm.

Business language

English is widely spoken and commonly used when it comes to business at the multinational level. Still, expats shouldn't automatically assume their associates can speak English. For those planning on doing business within smaller companies or municipal authorities, it is useful to have some knowledge of German.

Dress

Formal and conservative – dark suits and corporate wear for both men and women working in banking, business and finance. In more creative industries such as fashion, art and advertising, there is more freedom in what people can wear.

Gifts

Gift-giving is not a usual part of business culture in Germany. Small gifts such as flowers, wine or chocolate can be given if invited into a colleague’s home.

Gender equality

Germany has made great strides towards equality in the workplace, and ranks highly internationally in this regard.

Business culture in Germany

The business culture in Germany tends to be quite conservative. Expats will need to understand and incorporate elements of German business culture into their practices if they wish to be successful and make a good impression in the local workplace. 

Efficiency

Business culture in Germany is formal and efficiency in the workplace is paramount. Time is money – so being punctual is important. Once the meeting begins, Germans get straight down to business and there's little room for small talk.

Formality

Business meetings in Germany are formal affairs and first names are rarely used in business relationships. Punctuality and appearance are important, so expats should dress well and arrive at meetings fully prepared and on time. It's best to avoid humour, especially at first, as it can be misconstrued. One should expect to be asked detailed questions and have facts and figures on hand to back up what is being presented.

Language 

Although most Germans speak English well, many prefer to speak their own language when it comes to business negotiations. Expats who don't speak German should consider hiring a translator for important meetings. 

Greetings

Handshakes are the customary greeting in professional and social contexts. Business contacts must be addressed by their surname, which is to be preceded by Herr for men and Frau for women. First names are only used when invited to do so by a senior person, usually once some level of mutual respect has been established.

Networking

Expats will find that Germans are private and maintain a strict separation between their work and home life, so it will take some time to forge more personal relationships with colleagues. At lunch meetings, expats should allow the host to start business discussions and shouldn't be surprised if alcohol is served.

Dos and don’ts of business in Germany

• Do arrive well prepared for meetings and ready to answer questions.

• Don't arrive late to meetings or job interviews. Punctuality is important.

• Do dress formally in the workplace. Dark suits and corporate wear are safe options.

• Don't assume everyone speaks English. Learn some German before embarking on a business venture or consider using an interpreter for important meetings.

• Do maintain eye contact when addressing German colleagues, especially during initial introductions.

• Don't try to integrate humour into the business environment.